Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the fettuccine and cook according to package instructions until al dente, usually about 8-10 minutes. Drain the pasta and set aside.
In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté for about 1 minute, until fragrant.
Add the peeled and deveined shrimp to the skillet, seasoning with salt and pepper. Cook the shrimp for about 2-3 minutes on each side or until they turn pink and are cooked through. Remove the shrimp from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, reduce the heat to medium-low and pour in the heavy cream. Allow it to simmer for 2-3 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Gradually whisk in the grated Parmesan cheese, stirring until the sauce is smooth and creamy. Add nutmeg and adjust seasoning with more salt and pepper if needed.
Toss the cooked fettuccine into the creamy Alfredo sauce until well coated. Add the cooked shrimp back into the skillet and gently fold to combine everything.
Serve immediately, garnished with chopped fresh parsley.