Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the pasta and cook according to package instructions until al dente, usually about 8-10 minutes. Drain and rinse under cold water to cool down.
In the same pot, if using fresh corn, add the corn and cook for 3-5 minutes until tender. If using frozen corn, simply thaw it. Drain and set aside.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream, lime juice, chili powder, smoked paprika, salt, and pepper until well combined.
Add the cooled pasta, cooked corn, diced bell pepper, red onion, and chopped cilantro to the bowl with the dressing. Gently toss until all ingredients are evenly coated.
Fold in the crumbled cotija cheese, reserving some for garnish.
Taste and adjust seasoning if needed. Chill the pasta salad in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes before serving to allow flavors to meld.
Serve chilled, garnished with additional cotija cheese and cilantro if desired.