In a large pot, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the diced onion and sauté until translucent, about 5 minutes. Stir in the minced garlic and cook for an additional 1-2 minutes.
Add the diced carrots and celery. Sauté for about 5 minutes until they begin to soften.
Stir in the diced tomatoes, vegetable broth, chili powder, cumin, smoked paprika, corn, and black beans. Bring the mixture to a simmer and season with salt and pepper. Let it simmer for about 20 minutes to allow the flavors to meld.
Meanwhile, prepare the tamale dumplings. In a mixing bowl, combine the masa harina, baking powder, and salt. Mix well.
In another bowl, beat together the vegetable shortening (or butter) and the broth until smooth. Gradually add the masa harina mixture to the broth mixture, stirring until a soft dough forms. If desired, fold in the shredded cheese.
Once the soup has simmered for 20 minutes, use a spoon to drop tablespoon-sized portions of the tamale dough onto the surface of the simmering soup. Cover the pot and let the dumplings cook for 15-20 minutes until they are firm and cooked through.
Once the dumplings are ready, serve the soup hot, garnished with fresh cilantro if desired.